Quodlibetal Questions I-XII

Quodlibetal disputes were formal university debates, held twice a year during Advent and Lent, in which questions on any topic could be brought forward by those in attendance; supporting and opposing arguments were discussed and then ultimately resolved by the presiding master. Thomas Aquinas presided over twelve quodlibetal disputes, which covered a range of topics, both speculative and practical; the Quodlibets here are considerably edited reports of these debates. Quodlibets VII-XI are from Aquinas's first teaching period in Paris (1256-1259), and Quodlibets I-VI, XII are from his second teaching period in Paris (1269-1272).